Benign prostatic hyperplasia—also called BPH—is a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is also called benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic obstruction. The prostate goes through two main growth periods as a man ages. 

The actual cause of prostate enlargement is unknown. Factors linked to aging and changes in the cells of the testicles may have a role in the growth of the gland, as well as testosterone levels. Men who have had their testicles removed at a young age (for example, as a result of testicular cancer) do not develop BPH.

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Common symptoms of BPH include:

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• Frequent or urgent need to urinate.

• Urinating more often at night.

• Trouble starting to urinate

• Weak urine stream, or a stream that stops and starts.

• Dribbling at the end of urination.

• Not being able to fully empty the bladder.

Pharmacological methods:

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Medicines — The types of medicine used to treat BPH include alpha blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and alpha-reductase inhibitors. Men who also have erectile dysfunction may consider a phosphodiesterase inhibitor over the other options.

Alpha blockers relaxes the smooth muscle of the prostate to reduce the pressure gradient across the prostate during voiding which allows the person to empty the bladder better. 

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Surgery:

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The prostate can be treated with the following treatment options depending on there size of the prostate, age, availability of equipment and training of the urologist in the latest technology. 

• Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate - TURP

• Transurethral vaporization of the prostate.

• Transurethral incision of the prostate.

• Laser enucleation of the prostate.

• Resume treatment of the prostate

 

The Rezume device is inserted, a needle is deployed, and vapor is injected into the prostate for nine seconds. This vapor disperses between cells, then cools, releases heat, and gently disrupts the prostate's cells. Because of the initial swelling, a catheter is then inserted, which will remain for two to five days. The benefit of the Rezume treatment is that their patient goes home on the same day as the procedure. The procedure takes only 10 - 15 min and is very safe and effective.